---Phoenicia---

#LEADER LIST (Calgacus)

Agenor
Phoenix
Abichemou
Eri-Aku
Zimrida
Abd Melkarth
Luli
Abibaal
Hiram the Great
Eshbaal
Baal-Eser
Pygmalion
Elulaios
Abd Melqart

#CITY LIST (Thamis):

Tyre
Sidon
Ugarit
Berytus
Byblos
Arvad
Acco
Kition
Carthage
Utica
Malaca
Caralis
Panormus
Leptis Parva
Cartenna
Rusicade
Gades
Rusucurru
Girba
Leptis Magna
Carthago Nova
Oea
Tingis
Rusaddir
Alalia
Selinus
Himera
Akragas
Theveste
Saguntum
Carteia
Mainake
Sexi
Abdera
Lixus
Hippo Regius
Hadrumentum
Sabrata
Soleis
Motya
Tharros
Sulcis
Nora
Mago
Palma
Ebusus
Kinyps
Melite
Lilybaeum
Lucentum
Meninx
Acholla
Thapsos
Kossyra
Gaulos
Diarrhytos
Igilgilis
Kartaia
Kasios
Karmel



#CIVILOPEDIA (Thamis)




#RACE_PHOENICIANS
^The Phoenicians are $LINK<expansionistic and commercial=GCON_Strengths>. 
^They build $LINK<C???>.
^
^   
As the eastern Mediterranean recovered from the disruptions of the late second millennium,
Phoenicians and Greeks began to establish trade routes and colonies throughout the western
Mediterranean and, in the case of the Greeks, the Black Sea.
^
The first to extend their trade routes into the western Mediterranean were the Phoenicians, a
Levantine people cultura11y and linguistical1y closely reIated to the Canaanites. The Phoenician homeland
had the best natural harbors on the coasdine of the Levant, where srnall ports had grown up as early as
the third miI1ennium BC, trading cedar wood, purple dye and other comrnodities with Egypt. The leading
Phoenician ports had developed into independent city-states by 1500 BC. In the earliest records the
Phoenician cities were ruled by hereditary kings, but by the 6th century monarchy had been replaced
by elected officials. The Phoenician cities never exercised control far inland and for the greater part
of their history they were dominated by one or other of the region's great powers.
#DESC_RACE_PHOENICIANS
The earliest evidence of Phoenician expansion overseas is at Kition, originallya Mycenaean colony,
on Cyprus about 1000 BC. Cyprus was an irnportant source of copper and had had close trade links with
Phoenicia for centuries before this. The main period ofPhoenician expansion, however, extended from
the late 9th century to the rnid 7th century .The rnain concentration of Phoenician colonies were in Tunisia, 
Sicily and Sardinia, which gave them control over the main approaches to the western Mediterranean. By the 7th 
century Carthage, a Tyrian colony, had become the leading Phoenician city in
the west. By the 8th century Phoenician trade routes extended through the Straits of Gibraltar and some
way along the Adantic coasts of Spain and Morocco. At flfSt the Phoenicians maintained only seasonal
trading posts in this area, but permanent colonies, such as Tingis and Gades, were established in
the 7th century. Phoenician colonies technically rernained subject to their parent cities, but they were
forced to become independent when Phoenicia was conquered by the Babylonians in the 6th century .
^
- John Haywood, Historical Atlas of the Ancient World, 1.21
